However, the critical roles of mitochondrial dynamics in the progression of breast cancer remain elusive. Furthermore, a previous study showed that mitochondrial fusion enhances OXPHOS while mitochondrial fission promotes glycolysis. A number of reports have indicated that dysregulation of the mitochondrial network plays an important role in the invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy of cancer cells. Recently, increasing evidence has revealed that cancer development is closely related to dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics. It has been reported that DRP1 phosphorylation or expression levels were involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion. The main proteins related to mitochondrial fission and fusion are members of the dynamin family, with fission mainly mediated by dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1) and fusion mainly relying on mitofusin (Mfn1 and Mfn2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Mitochondrial dynamics have been reported to play a critical role in the process of breast tumor metastasis. Mitochondria can fuse with each other to form a larger network, and they may also split into smaller mitochondria. Mitochondrial morphology is governed by the regulation of two antagonistic processes: fusion and fission. Mitochondria play crucial roles in a series of physiological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Although many studies have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer, these mechanisms are still poorly understood therefore, additional in-depth research studies and analyses are needed to identify more effective therapeutic approaches. Thus, treatment should be based on the molecular characteristics of the cancer. Breast cancer is heterogeneous and involves both genetic and environmental factors, and it can be divided into three groups according to the molecular and histological characteristics: hormone receptor (estrogen receptor (ER+) or progesterone receptor (PR+)), human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2+) and triple-negative (ER−, PR−, and HER2−) breast cancer. Patients in the terminal stage usually exhibit tumor metastasis, which is fatal. Understanding the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fission and fusion during tumorigenesis is important for improving breast cancer treatments.īreast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Importantly, the manipulating of mitochondrial dynamic is significant for the progresses of breast cancer. These advanced studies established the roles of mitochondrial fission and fusion of breast cancer in the metabolism, proliferation, survival, and metastasis. ResultsĮligible studies ( n = 19) were evaluated and discussed in the systematic review. MethodsĪll related studies were systematically searched through online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE) using keywords (e.g., breast cancer, mitochondrial, fission, and fusion), and these studies were then screened through the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria. The advanced literature about the crucial role of mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer is performed. Mitochondrial dynamics, which are involved in mitochondrial fusion and fission, are regulated by specialized proteins and lipids, and their dysregulation causes human diseases, such as cancer. Under extracellular stimulation, mitochondria undergo constant fusion and fission to meet different cellular demands. Mitochondria play critical roles in cellular physiological activity as cellular organelles.
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